By Lance Hill
I remember the day I saw my first mirliton vine wilting. I almost called 911. My first impulse was to water it, which I did but it did not revive it that day. Miraculously, the next morning, the vine was in perfect shape. That led me to doing some research on wilting. 
Figure 1: Healthy and Happy Leaves orienting toward the sun and no sign of wilt.
Two Types of Wilt
With mirlitons, there are two types of wilting: temporary and permanent. They are different by degree, but while the temporary wilt can be fixed, the permanent wilt signals the end of the plant. Knowing how to recognize a temporary wilt will help prevent making the problem worse.
Mirlitons are part of the cucurbit family along with cucumbers and melons. Cucurbits that have large, paper-thin leaves lose a great deal of moisture during hot weather—sometimes more quickly than the roots can replenish it. The moisture balance is also compounded by the plants’ shallow root structure.
Mirlitons have two ingenious responses to excessive daytime heat; (1) they collapse their leaves so there is less surface exposed to direct sun (stress avoidance) and (2) they wait until the cooler nighttime to uptake more water into the leaves. It’s like humans fighting the heat by wearing a hat and shirt to reduce exposed skin surface and drinking water in the shade to rehydrate.
You can easily learn to recognize a temporary wilt. The leaves will have lost some turgidity but not be completely collapsed as show in the two photos. Plant first-aid for wilting starts with pushing your finger into the soil down to the second knuckle and feeling for moisture (better yet, get out your handy bamboo moisture meter). If the soil moisture is adequate, use your hands to feel how firm the leaves and stems (petioles) are. The video at the end of this post demonstrates the proper way to feel for a temporary wilt.
The last thing you want to do if the plant is in a temporary wilt is to water it. If you flood the roots, you can cause root asphyxia which leads to more wilting. Just wait until the next morning, and if the leaves have fully expanded and properly oriented toward the light, you have no problem. In fact, periodic wilting toughens and leaves and gives them more protection for fungi.
Figure 2: Temporary Wilt. Note that the leaves are no longer oriented toward the sun and are drooping, but not their stems (photo by Kevin De Santiago)
Permanent wilting is caused by disease, pests, or over watering that blocks the entire flow of water from the roots to the leaves. If you wait until morning and the and leaves are still severely wilted, you have a serious problem. Unfortunately, there is no verified solution to these fungal toxins and insects like vine borers that block the uptake of water. August is the month that anthracnose will most likely attack the mirliton because of heat and frequent rains. There is a link below to how to diagnose anthracnose. Sometimes, mirlitons can withstand a bout with anthracnose and still produce some fruit in the fall. We are experimenting this year with an organic biofungicide called Timorex Act to see if can prevent or eradicate anthracnose and we will keep you posted.
.
Figure 3: Permanent Wilt. Note how even the leaf stems are drooping
Figure 4: Bad news. This is the first sign in leaves of anthracnose. The wedge-shaped pattern of leaf death and the rifle shot hole are clear signs that the disease will soon spread to the stems and block the flow of water.
The reason leaves wilt or hold their shape is because of water pressure. It’s the same reason a limp balloon becomes firm when inflated with air. The key is what scientists call “turgor pressure.” Understanding the simple science of turgor pressure will equip you to identify the difference between temporary and permanent wilting.
This short video explains turgor pressure.
How to use your hands to test for a temporary wilt.
How to diagnose and treat anthracnose